Parasitology Final Exam

Nematodes as well as Comprehensive

I.  Identify the nematode. (20 points)

1.  oasis, copepods

2.  liver, rodents, aphasmidean

3.  obligatory circulatory migration, Loeffler's pneumonia

4.  Chrysops dimidiata, Calabar's swellings

5.  20" long, small intestine

6.  appendicitis, dioecious, cellophane tape test

7.  polar bears, fish, plankton, eskimos

8.  anemia, stylet, one billion+ worldwide, monoxenous life cycle

9.  fused spicules, slave trade, cutting plates

10. AIDS-related, free living adults

11. visceral larva migrans, rodents

12. Aedes, lymphatic obstruction

13. two intermediate hosts, mink

14. marine fish, porpoises, stomach

15. pinworm of chickens, hyperparasitism, Histomonas meleagridis

16. sheathed microfilaria, Singapore

17. three pairs of "teeth", anemia, copulatory bursa

18. highly resistant egg capsules, "warty"

19.  Ascaris, Giardia, Entamoeba histolytica, common co-inhabitants

20.  frogs, strongyloid-like life cycle

II.  Identify the parasite. (20 points)

1.  Flagyl, octaflagellate

2.  metronidazole, Trichomonadidae

3.  alveolar cyst, fox trappers

4.  drunken crab, Semisulcospira, rice paddies

5.  filariform, ground itch

6.  "sticky" schizonts, brain involvement, high fever

7.  oral, flagellated

8.  cysticercosis

9.   Winterbottom's sign, Glossina, Kenya

10. gallinaceous, caecum, self-limiting disease, oocysts

11. dioecious,caecum, anemia, "plugged" egg capsules

12. fish, copepods, pernicious anemia

13. ciliate, dysentary

14. cats, epilepsy, zoitocyst

15. facultative, hot springs, amebomeningoencephalitis

16. Phlebotomus, cutanous, Iraq 17

17.  Tenebrio, cysticeroid, heteroxenous

18. Panstrongylus megistus, thatched roofs, xenodiagnosis

19. dysentary, quadrinucleate cysts

20.  Yangstze River, Oncomelania formosona

III.  Detail the life cycle of Trichinella spp.  Discuss the different species, the geography of each and some epidemiological factor which maintains the infection in native populations of animals/man.  (20 points)

IV.  Fill in the chart (nematodes only) (20 points)

ORGANISM               INTERMEDIATE HOST      DEFINITIVE HOST                 MEANS OF INFECTION                  ENDEMIC COUNTRY (not USA)

Ascaris lumbricoides

                                         Simulium damnosum

                                                                                        dog

                                                                                                                                      encysted larvae in muscle

                                                                                                                                                                                                                Zaire

V.  Give two epidemiological factors associated with each of the following. (10 points)

1.  Enterobius vermicularis

2.  Onchocerca volvulis

3.  Trichinella spiralis

4.  Necator americanus

5.  Strongyloides stercoralis

VI.  List the top ten parasites we have covered this semester and put them in rank order (#1 most important, etc.).  Make up you list, taking into consideration, degree of pathology, mortality, incidence of infection worldwide, and general misery  the organism causes.  Do not use any genus more than once.  (10 points)

VII.  A dichotomous key is a tool used to identify an unknown organism.  The key proceeds from general to specific characteristics.  It begins by providing alternative pathways using (usually) morphological characteristics.  As an example, suppose you were studying an unknown microscopic protozoan (that actually was Paramecium) and you questioned its identify.  You could identify it, using a key much as.......

1.
    a.  cilia as locomotor organelles                                                        go to page 2
    b.  flagella as locomotor organelles                                                   go to page 3
    c.  pseudopodia as locomotor organelles                                          go to page 4
2. 
    a.  ciliature uniform                                                                           go to page 5
    b.  ciliature non-uniform                                                                    go to page 6
3. 
    a.  uniflagellate                                                                                  go to page 7
    b. multiflagellate                                                                                go to page  8
4.
    a.  lobopodial                                                                                   go to page 9
    b.  axopodial                                                                                    go to page 10
    c.  rhizopodial                                                                                  go to page 11
5. 
    a.  free living                                                                                    Paramecium

Select 10 nematodes of you choice and construct a taxonomic key using morphology as the principal criteria.  (20 point)