Parasitology Exam

Nematodes

I.  Identify (20 points)

1.  American killer

2.  visceral larva migrans

3.   15-30 cm females, spicules, no gubernaculum or bursa, small intestine

4.  mosquitoes, Charleston, SC, microfilaria

5.  geographic variants, ovoviviparous, Andre expedition, diaphragm

6.  kidney, mink, fish

7.  unembryonated egg capsules, fused copulatory spicules

8.  Simulium damnosum

9.  Malaysia, mosquitoes

10. dioecious, thumps, liver milk spots

11. cellophane tape test

12. fecal rhabditiforms, AIDS-related

13. fugitive's disease, Chrysops dimidiata

14. rodents, liver, soil embryonation

15.  Capillaridae, small intestine

16. may be associated with Giardia, Entamoeba, Ascaris, Enterobius, hookworms

17.  pulmonary artery, mosquitoes, German shepherds

18.  Welsh coal mines, normally subtropical

19.  Fedchenko, Nigeria

20.  two intermediate hosts, mink

II.  Diagnose the following disorders. (15 point)

1.  A cashier at a small grocery store in South Carolina frequented by migrant farm workers has developed a serious bronchial condition.  The pulmonary condition passes but shortly thereafter a rash develops and the individual is unable to sleep.  What organism would you suspect has caused this and how would you validate your suspicions?

2.  A Tourist visiting southern China feels stifled by the restriction place upon him by the tour guide and to rectify the situation and improve the enjoyment of his trip, he befriends a native and is invited to dinner at his rural home.  The meal is different by western standards and includes amongst other things, unshelled water chestnuts, raw fish and fried rice.  Upon returning within two week to the US, he develops a severe, chronic headache, coupled with intestinal discomfort.  Upon seeing a number of physicians, he discovers there are two different helminth ova in his stool.  What organisms were likely  encountered and how would you identify them?  (Include drawings)

3.  A young married couple decide to celebrate a newly-discovered pregnancy.  Friends invited them to a  Texas-style barbecue in which pork and beef were served.  Within a few days, the wife developed symptoms of the flu but quickly recovered.  The pregnancy was uneventful but the baby developed severe neurological problems and became profoundly mentally handicapped.  Explain the scenario and the organism involved.

III.  Diagram the life cycle of Ascaris lumbricoides.  What about the life cycle suggests that Ascaris may have evolved from a nematode which invades its host by penetrating the skin?(15 points)

IV.  List ten parasites covered this semester which are fecal/oral in their transmission.  Provide one epidemiological factor which details how they have been shown to be transmitted. 

V.  List ten helminths.  Create a taxonomic key based upon the ova morphology.  Hint....use size, opercula, embryonation, shell features, and internal morphology as criteria.  (20 points)